It works by calculating symmetric private keys (i.e., it doesn't use a public/private key pair). Each party in a transaction has a private key, which it presents to a trusted intermediary. The pair of keys defines a series of encryption keys, to be used in sequence.
2factor says the benefits are:
- Very fast encryption (the calculations can be done using register arithmetic); perhaps 100x as fast as Diffie-Hellman, for example.
- Provably secure, unlike elliptic curves for example.
- The trusted-intermediary architecture can be generalized, permitting a federated model.
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